Tag: symptoms

  • Queen health update: Monarch cancels meeting due to ‘cold-like symptoms’ persisting | Royal | News

    Queen health update: Monarch cancels meeting due to ‘cold-like symptoms’ persisting | Royal | News

    The Queen will not likely carry out the remote engagements pencilled in her diary for these days as she carries on to struggle COVID-19, the palace stated. In an update shared on Tuesday early morning, Buckingham Palace stated the sovereign stays symptomatic. 

    The announcement study: “As Her Majesty is continue to enduring gentle cold-like symptoms she has made the decision not to undertake her prepared virtual engagements nowadays, but will keep on with light duties.” 

    These include dealing with the Government’s crimson boxes, which the monarch receives day by day and includes an array of paperwork required to be visioned by the Queen and, at moments, signed off by her. 

    The palace included: “More engagements to be made the decision in because of training course.”

    This arrives two times just after the Queen’s workplace announced the monarch experienced contracted COVID-19. 

    Sparking considerations for the monarch’s wellbeing, Buckingham Palace stated in a assertion: “Buckingham Palace verify that The Queen has right now examined good for Covid.

    “Her Majesty is experiencing delicate chilly-like signs or symptoms but expects to continue on gentle obligations at Windsor around the coming 7 days.

    “She will continue to acquire medical interest and will comply with all the correct pointers.” 

    The sovereign’s keenness to go on to get the job done was created evident just hours following this worrying announcement, when she signed off a assertion congratulating the feminine and male curling groups who received a gold and silver medal respectively on the final days of the Wintertime Olympics. 

    Study A lot more: Harry’s shift to aid Queen as Frogmore program exposed

    On Monday, the Queen produced a different statement, this time addressing Brazilians afflicted by lethal floods previously this thirty day period. 

    She wrote: “I am deeply saddened to listen to of the tragic decline of lifetime and destruction triggered by the terrible floods in Brazil.

    “My thoughts and prayers are with all individuals who have missing their life, loved types and houses, as perfectly as the crisis expert services and all those people working to assist the recovery endeavours.”

    You should not MISS 

    Between the engagements the Queen is predicted to undertake in these coming times, there is also her weekly audience with Key Minister Boris Johnson. 

    Prior to the pandemic, the sovereign and the Primary Minister ordinarily held their meetings in man or woman on most Wednesdays. 

    But, considering that mid-March 2020, this appointment has mainly taken area over the cellphone.

    Among the subjects the sovereign and Mr Johnson could talk about if the audience went ahead there are the Primary Minister’s plans to “live with Covid” and conclude all remaining limits first enforced at the commencing of the pandemic.  

    The Queen’s Covid analysis arrived just days into the Platinum Jubilee calendar year. 

    This historic milestone was formally reached on February 6, on the 70th anniversary of the sovereign’s Accession Day. 

    The monarch used the working day privately but the palace marked it by sharing a never ever-just before-observed photograph exhibiting the Queen at operate. 

    On the preceding day, February 5, the monarch experienced stepped out of Wood Farm, where by she resided throughout her split in Norfolk, to host a reception for nearby charities in the ballroom of Sandringham Property. 

    On that celebration, the Queen walked close to the ballroom to meet her attendees making use of a gentle walking stick.

    She did so also a couple times later, adhering to her return to Windsor Castle, for an in-particular person audience with the incoming Defence Solutions Secretary Major Standard Eldon Millar and his predecessor Rear Admiral James Macleod. 

    The 95-12 months-aged sovereign was very first noticed working with a cane in the course of an engagement in Oct. 

    At the time, a palace supply said the Queen was employing the adhere “for comfort”.  

  • Gastritis vs gastroenteritis: Causes, symptoms, and more

    Gastritis vs gastroenteritis: Causes, symptoms, and more

    Gastritis and gastroenteritis could have equivalent names, but they are diverse overall health circumstances. Gastritis tends to have an effect on the lining of the belly, whereas gastroenteritis influences the intestines.

    Gastritis is inflammation, or discomfort, of the stomach lining. Gastroenteritis, on the other hand, is irritation of the intestine, or the stomach and the bowel.

    Gastritis can be acute or long-term. The signs of acute gastritis occur on instantly and are inclined to go absent on their have. Persistent gastritis arrives on gradually and may well have to have professional medical therapy.

    Gastroenteritis is a limited-expression issue that will normally resolve on its possess. Men and women often phone it stomach flu.

    This post will make clear the essential differences in between the two conditions, what causes them, and their major symptoms. It will also search at treatment plans and prevention and when to talk to a doctor.

    Gastritis and gastroenteritis are two independent disorders with distinct triggers and signs or symptoms, and they affect distinct areas of the digestive program. Consequently, a single simply cannot bring about the other.

    Infections normally induce gastroenteritis. Infections are also the most prevalent cause of gastritis, but other things can direct to the problem as nicely.

    Gastroenteritis

    Viruses, bacteria, and parasites may well bring about gastroenteritis.

    Viral gastroenteritis is the 2nd most frequent condition in the United States. Norovirus infection tends to bring about it.

    Norovirus is extremely contagious. Individuals can select it up from contaminated food items or drinking water or from coming into get in touch with with another person who has the an infection.

    Bacterial gastroenteritis tends to acquire immediately after a person consumes contaminated food items or h2o. Individuals also refer to it as food items poisoning.

    Gastritis

    Gastritis happens when an an infection or a material weakens the protecting lining of the abdomen.

    Just one of the common leads to is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)microorganisms. H. pylori may possibly unfold from particular person to man or woman by way of call with vomit, stool, or saliva or from time to time as a result of contaminated foods or water.

    Routinely applying nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine, these as aspirin and ibuprofen, can also problems the tummy lining, major to gastritis.

    Other brings about consist of:

    • cigarette smoking
    • going through tension
    • consuming abnormal amounts of fatty, sugary, or spicy food items
    • consuming as well a great deal alcoholic beverages

    Symptoms of gastritis and gastroenteritis vary.

    Signs or symptoms of gastroenteritis could be critical ample to result in dehydration. By distinction, men and women with gastritis will experience possibly delicate symptoms or no indicators at all.

    Gastroenteritis

    The key signs or symptoms of gastroenteritis are:

    At times, these signs and symptoms can lead to dehydration. That is why it is important for a person with gastroenteritis to drink a good deal of fluids.

    Dehydration is most common in:

    • babies and young children
    • older older people
    • men and women with weakened immune programs and serious circumstances, these as:

    Gastritis

    The primary symptoms of acute gastritis are:

    People with serious gastritis are likely to have gentle signs and symptoms or no signs at all.

    Gastroenteritis and acute gastritis will ordinarily take care of on their own soon after a handful of days.

    Having said that, undiagnosed and untreated persistent gastritis can lead to really serious complications, such as tummy ulcers and bleeds. Any person who has ongoing gastritis signs or symptoms need to seek out steering from a health care provider.

    A person should talk to a health care provider if they expertise any of the following signs and symptoms:

    Individuals who just take anti-inflammatory pain relievers routinely and suspect they have gastritis must ask a medical doctor for an different pain-relieving medication.

    It is vital that individuals with gastroenteritis consume a great deal of drinking water. Not changing the fluids lost thanks to diarrhea and vomiting can guide to dehydration.

    People today with gastritis ought to try to steer clear of:

    • ingesting liquor
    • eating spicy, sugary, or fatty foods
    • having much too quite a few anti-inflammatory agony relievers
    • publicity to stress

    Some people with viral or bacterial gastritis or gastroenteritis may perhaps have to have antibiotics to obvious the an infection.

    Other common solutions for gastritis involve:

    Microbes and viruses are between the principal causes of gastritis and gastroenteritis.

    The Affiliation for Specialists in An infection Management and Epidemiology suggests the pursuing to protect against infection:

    • totally and often washing the palms, like right after heading to the bathroom and immediately after having
    • covering the mouth when coughing or sneezing
    • refrigerating meals in just 2 hrs of preparing
    • utilizing different chopping boards for veggies and raw meats
    • always washing fruit and greens before feeding on them

    Way of living improvements that can assistance avoid gastritis or stop the an infection from returning involve avoiding:

    • smoking
    • drinking alcohol
    • consuming too significantly spicy food stuff

    Persons who want to often acquire anti-inflammatory agony relievers must talk with a doctor. They could be capable to propose an alternative treatment.

    Using antacids together with the anti-inflammatory suffering reliever may perhaps also be an selection.

    Gastritis and gastroenteritis are two distinctive health disorders.

    Gastritis affects the lining of the abdomen. The most common causes are infections and a frequent use of anti-inflammatory discomfort relievers. The affliction can be acute or long-term.

    Acute gastritis arrives on out of the blue but tends to go absent on its personal. Serious gastritis develops slowly, and people today may not see it going on. Untreated, it can guide to ulcers and bleeds.

    Gastroenteritis tends to result from infections. It impacts the intestines and will usually solve on its very own after a couple of days. Medical professionals endorse remaining hydrated to steer clear of dehydration.

    It is crucial to talk to a medical doctor for possibly infection if symptoms stay or get worse, to avert any further more complications.

  • Pfizer Covid pills for Covid symptoms may be risky with other drugs.

    Pfizer Covid pills for Covid symptoms may be risky with other drugs.

    As the omicron surge pummels a pandemic-weary nation, the initial antiviral capsules for Covid-19 assure desperately needed safety for people at risk of severe ailment. Having said that, several men and women prescribed Pfizer’s or Merck’s new medicines will call for watchful checking by doctors and pharmacists, and the antivirals may perhaps not be secure for all people, authorities warning.

    Paxlovid, Pfizer’s Covid-19 tablet, is made in Ascoli, Italy.Pfizer through Reuters

    The Foodstuff and Drug Administration approved Pfizer’s Paxlovid for gentle to average Covid in individuals as youthful as 12 who have underlying ailments that increase the hazard of hospitalization and dying from the coronavirus, these types of as heart sickness or diabetic issues. Nevertheless, just one of the two medications in the antiviral cocktail could induce intense or daily life-threatening interactions with commonly used medications, like statins, blood thinners and some antidepressants. And the Food and drug administration does not advise Paxlovid for folks with significant kidney or liver ailment.

    Total protection of the Covid-19 pandemic

    Simply because of experts’ considerations about the possible side consequences of Merck’s molnupiravir, the Fda has restricted its use to grownups and only in situations in which other licensed treatments, such as monoclonal antibodies, are inaccessible or are not “clinically ideal.”

    The Paxlovid cocktail is made up of two tablets of the antiviral nirmatrelvir and just one tablet of ritonavir, a drug that has prolonged been employed as what is acknowledged as a boosting agent in HIV regimens. Ritonavir suppresses a crucial liver enzyme referred to as CYP3A, which metabolizes numerous drugs, which includes nirmatrelvir. In the situation of Paxlovid therapy, ritonavir slows the body’s breakdown of the active antiviral and allows it keep on being at a therapeutic level for more time.

    The boosting impact was very likely to have been very important in driving Paxlovid’s large effectiveness in medical trials.

    When Paxlovid is paired with other drugs that are also metabolized by the CYP3A enzyme, the chief fret is that the ritonavir part may possibly enhance the co-administered drugs to toxic degrees.

    Complicating matters, the medication that pose interaction threats are commonly recommended to persons at the biggest hazard from Covid since of other health and fitness problems.

    The prescription drugs include things like, but are not constrained to: blood thinners anti-seizure drugs medications for irregular coronary heart rhythms, high blood stress and substantial cholesterol antidepressants and anti-nervousness medicines immunosuppressants steroids (like inhalers) HIV remedies and erectile dysfunction remedies.

    “Some of these prospective interactions are not trivial, and some pairings have to be averted entirely,” reported Peter Anderson, a professor of pharmaceutical sciences at the College of Colorado Anschutz Health care Campus. “Some are probably conveniently managed. But some we’re likely to have to be incredibly careful about.”

    In its actuality sheet about Paxlovid, the Fda has released a in depth checklist of remedies that may possibly interact harmfully with ritonavir, including these that should not be paired with the Covid antivirals.

    Even so, pharmacists stress that many of the drug interactions are workable and that they should really not preclude most people from using Paxlovid.

    “Pharmacists are really experienced gurus in medication basic safety and checking and are an excellent resource of facts and information about interactions among medicines and also nutritional supplements and herbal goods,” mentioned Emily Zadvorny, a scientific pharmacist who is the government director of the Colorado Pharmacists Culture. “They will assist establish if a major interaction exists and devise solutions to mitigate the interaction if feasible.” 

    ‘A breakthrough drug’

    The superior news is that health and fitness treatment vendors have expertise navigating ritonavir’s use amid people with HIV — a team that generally usually takes remedies for other wellness situations, in addition to antiretroviral remedy.

    Dr. William Werbel, an assistant professor of medication at Johns Hopkins University who specializes in transplant infectious diseases, suggested people at higher hazard of Covid-19 troubles to talk to their health treatment suppliers, as very well as a savvy pharmacist, about variations they could make to their drug regimens ought to they require Paxlovid — even prior to they come to be infected with the virus.

    Anybody looking for Paxlovid, which must be approved in just 5 days of the initially indications, must be guaranteed to let their prescribers and pharmacists know the entire lists of other prescription drugs and over-the-counter supplements they are getting, Anderson said.

    Some drugs, these types of as specific statins, are most possible harmless to halt taking throughout cure with the Covid products, Anderson said. For example, it may be improved to remain on certain blood thinners but to decrease the doses. Some coronary heart rhythm prescription drugs simply cannot be taken with Paxlovid.

    Conversely, some anti-seizure medicines can increase liver enzymes’ metabolic action and thus lower the body’s Paxlovid ranges, as can the organic health supplement St. John’s Wort. The Fda warned that they really should not be combined with Paxlovid.

    Because the Paxlovid cure is brief — 30 pills, taken as three drugs 2 times a working day for 5 times — industry experts are hopeful that the threat of adverse interactions with other medications is minimal.

    “Five days of interactions is not a huge offer for the greater part of medication,” claimed Jason Gallagher, a scientific pharmacy specialist in infectious health conditions at Temple College Hospital in Philadelphia.

    If a drug’s probable interaction with Paxlovid poses as well much of a possibility, Anderson reported, a safe and sound and productive alternative Covid-19 therapy would be GlaxoSmithKline’s sotrovimab — the sole licensed monoclonal antibody cure that exploration indicates reliably neutralizes the omicron variant of the virus. Otherwise, the antiviral molnupiravir is an option, albeit a single with a much reduced efficacy than either Paxlovid or sotrovimab. 

    Even with the problems about getting Paxlovid with other prescription remedies, specialists are psyched about the drug’s opportunity.

    “Paxlovid is a breakthrough drug,” Anderson claimed. “This could make a serious difference in the pandemic by making an powerful Covid treatment method available to quite a few men and women.”

    Follow NBC Health and fitness on Twitter & Fb.

  • Familial Hypertriglyceridemia: Definition, Symptoms, Diagnosis

    Familial Hypertriglyceridemia: Definition, Symptoms, Diagnosis

    Higher triglycerides can have lots of brings about, which includes body weight, diet, and other elements. It can also be brought on by genetics. When it’s an inherited issue, it is recognised as familial hypertriglyceridemia.

    Triglycerides are a variety of waxy extra fat that’s discovered in your blood. Your human body can make triglycerides and you also get it from the meals you take in. When you eat, any excess calories and sugar that you do not have to have at the time is converted into triglycerides and stored in fat cells. Afterwards on, when you have to have power, hormones will release the stored triglycerides.

    You will need a particular quantity of triglycerides for electricity, but possessing a degree which is way too superior can place you at threat for a assortment of well being concerns.

    In this write-up, we’ll seem at substantial triglycerides triggered by genetic things, how this ailment is diagnosed and dealt with, and how to reduced your hazard of issues.

    Hypertriglyceridemia (or higher triglycerides) outcomes from overproduction of pretty very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), which results in much more triglycerides in the blood.

    There are several opportunity causes of significant triglycerides. Familial hypertriglyceridemia is specifically caused by genetics and is passed down in families. But other aspects can influence the severity of your higher triglycerides, these kinds of as your:

    There are two forms of hypertriglyceridemia:

    • a single style requires your liver earning as well a great deal VLDL
    • the other form involves your liver making a ordinary sum of VLDL which your body can’t crack down

    Familial hypertriglyceridemia is estimated to influence close to 1 in each and every 500 people in the United States.

    Familial hypertriglyceridemia normally doesn’t lead to signs unless it is extreme enough to guide to a different well being affliction.

    Due to the fact it typically doesn’t trigger indications, it is especially critical to know your spouse and children record.

    Your family heritage

    To fully grasp your threat component for familial hypertriglyceridemia, it is crucial to know if 1 or more folks in your spouse and children have:

    • higher triglycerides
    • been identified with coronary heart illness, particularly just before age 50
    • had a stroke, specifically ahead of age 50

    If your family members background signifies that you could be at hazard for high triglycerides, converse to your medical doctor about screening choices. Recognizing your loved ones background will help your physician make confident you get the suitable screening.

    Even if you really do not have a loved ones background of large triglycerides, this problem can occur devoid of threat factors and without the need of warning. Consequently, it’s essential to get your triglyceride levels checked each and every 4 to 6 many years.

    If you have hazard variables for high triglycerides, like smoking cigarettes or being chubby, talk to your medical doctor about receiving your triglyceride ranges checked extra usually.

    To diagnose substantial triglycerides, your medical doctor will carry out a bodily examination and question about signs or symptoms you are having, as nicely as your family members background. Then they’ll order blood assessments to check out for elevated amounts of triglycerides.

    Your health care provider might suggest that you fast for 9 to 12 hours prior to the examination, in order to get an exact examining of the fats levels in your blood. The check alone is a speedy, normal blood attract.

    If you have substantial triglycerides, your medical professional may try out to establish the fundamental trigger. For occasion, substantial triglycerides may well be prompted by:

    If you have a household history of higher triglycerides or heart illness, but none of the over-outlined fundamental will cause, your physician will ordinarily be in a position to diagnose familial hypertriglyceridemia dependent on your heritage.

    It is critical to recognize your triglyceride stages. This will help you keep an eye on your issue and how it’s progressing.

    Here’s a summary of how triglyceride degrees are categorised:

    If not handled, large triglycerides can direct to troubles, together with:

    • Cardiovascular ailment. While it’s not plainly recognized how large triglyceride stages induce cardiovascular illness, it is likely joined to higher cholesterol and extra fat concentrations in the blood. This can block blood vessels and boost the threat of a heart assault or stroke.
    • Blood clots. Superior triglycerides can can elevate your threat of blood clots, which can cause a heart attack or stroke, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE).
    • Fatty liver condition. When extra fat builds up in your liver it can lead to swelling and liver harm.
    • Metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a group of possibility aspects (which features significant triglycerides) that can boost your hazard of cardiovascular condition, type 2 diabetes, and stroke.
    • Pancreatitis. The risk of pancreatitis improves as triglyceride levels raise. Your hazard raises even further more if you have had pancreatitis prior to.

    If you have familial hypertriglyceridemia, it may possibly be far more complicated to lessen your triglycerides simply because the affliction is genetic. Even so, there are still way of life modifications you can make to reduce the chance of problems owing to significant triglycerides.

    These changes include things like:

    Even though way of life adjustments can be an helpful way to keep high triglycerides under control, treatment can also be approved as 1st-line therapy. This might be significantly helpful if your triglyceride concentrations are significant, or if life style improvements really don’t decreased your triglyceride concentrations adequate.

    A single of the most typical varieties of medication for familial hypertriglyceridemia are fibrates. This treatment is especially productive for people today at a increased chance of pancreatitis.

    Other health supplements and drugs that may possibly support lessen triglyceride stages contain:

    • niacin, either as an speedy-launch or prolonged-release edition
    • statins, which are typically used to decrease cholesterol, but also have been shown to have a compact influence on triglycerides
    • omega-3 fatty acids, taken as fish oil dietary supplements

    When higher triglycerides are brought about by genetics, it is recognized as familial hypertriglyceridemia. With this situation, there is as well a lot of a sort of fats (lipid) in your blood known as VLDL.

    Superior triglyceride degrees from any induce, regardless of whether due to genetics or lifestyle, can direct to problems this sort of as cardiovascular illness, blood clots, or pancreatitis.

    Having said that, high triglyceride concentrations ordinarily do not have signs and symptoms. That’s why it is essential to know your family heritage and to communicate to your physician about obtaining examined for familial hypertriglyceridemia if it operates in your family members.

    By generating lifestyle modifications and using the right variety of treatment, you can assistance manage your higher triglyceride degrees and reduce additional troubles.

  • Alternative Therapies That Have Helped Me Manage Different MS Symptoms

    Alternative Therapies That Have Helped Me Manage Different MS Symptoms

    &#13

    A number of sclerosis is normally called “the disorder of a thousand faces.” And that’s simply because the indications are variable and can be distinct for each and every particular person.

    &#13

    Aside from the frequently encouraged physical treatment and occupational remedy, there’s also a selection of choice therapies that can enable manage your signs and symptoms as nicely.

    &#13

    Here’s a listing of the therapies I have tried out throughout my MS journey to take care of the huge range of signs I have had during the yrs and that have offered me the most effective benefits:

    &#13

      &#13

    • Aquatic therapy: Low-impact exercise routines performed in the water applied in actual physical rehabilitation to make improvements to health and muscle power. It delivers lots of therapeutic positive aspects. 
    • &#13

    • &#13
      Acupuncture: Insertion of extremely thin needles by way of the skin at vital points of the human body. Normally utilised to deal with ache and strain management.
    • &#13

    • &#13
      Cognitive behavioral therapy: It focuses on switching the way you assume and behave. It is generally made use of to treat panic and melancholy.
    • &#13

    • Mind games: Intellect-stimulating online games that help make a cognitive reserve and strengthen mental speed by speedily using in information and facts. They enable with processing speed, quick-term memory, difficulty-resolving, reasoning, obtaining terms, and other cognitive impairment concerns.
    • &#13

    &#13

    Of all of them, aquatic treatment has to be my preferred. There is no limit to what I can do in the drinking water, like marching and lifting my leg. Points I could not do normally. The benefits are the exact as these of a common training but with out the struggle of preventing gravity.

    &#13

    Not only does our overall body require maintenance, but so does our mind. Unfortunately, quite a few MSers working experience some variety of cognitive deficit because of to the condition. For people far more world-wide-web-savvy, there are alternatives like Lumosity, CogniFit, and Mind Metrix. There are also console games for Wii and Nintendo DS like Mind Age and Large Brain Academy.

    &#13

    If you really don’t care for technological know-how, a simple puzzle can problem your visible perception. Crosswords and term obtaining games can boost your language. A sudoku puzzle will obstacle your rational imagining.

    &#13

    No make a difference the place you are in your MS journey, there are numerous alternate options to manage your symptoms. I would advocate introducing an integrative medicine medical professional to your treatment crew who can guideline you and refer you to the distinctive therapies based mostly on your certain wants.

    &#13

    &#13

    Acquiring wellness is the final objective. Wellness is an person, active pursuit of an optimal point out of health and very well-staying. But when you’re living with MS, this can be a minimal little bit of a challenge. It needs perseverance and resilience. We have the opportunity to are living a much healthier and happier existence wherever as a substitute of surviving, we’re flourishing.

    &#13

    &#13
    To hook up with other persons residing with many sclerosis sign up for our &#13
    &#13
    MS Fb Help Team&#13
    &#13
    .&#13

    &#13

     

    &#13

     

    &#13

    &#13
    &#13
    Photograph Credit history: Jupiterimages / Goodshoot / Getty Pictures Plus&#13
    &#13

    &#13

    &#13

    &#13
    WebMD Web site&#13

    &#13
    © 2021 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved.&#13

  • 1.

    Nelson HD. Menopause. Lancet. 2008;371(9614):760–70.

    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 2.

    Natari RB, Clavarino AM, McGuire TM, Dingle KD, Hollingworth SA. The bidirectional relationship between vasomotor symptoms and depression across the menopausal transition: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Menopause. 2018;25(1):109–20.

    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 3.

    Schbley BH. Socioeconomic factors in menopausal women’s use of hormone replacement therapy. J Women Aging. 2009;21(2):99–110.

    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 4.

    Whiteley J, DiBonaventura M, Wagner JS, Alvir J, Shah S. The impact of menopausal symptoms on quality of life, productivity, and economic outcomes. J Womens Health. 2013;22(11):983–90.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 5.

    Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288(3):321–33.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 6.

    Committee TWHIS. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women’s health initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;291(14):1701–12.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 7.

    Nabulsi AA, Folsom AR, White A, Patsch W, Heiss G, Wu KK, Szklo M. Association of hormone-replacement therapy with various cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 1993;328(15):1069–75.

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 8.

    Stoppe G, Dören M. Critical appraisal of effects of estrogen replacement therapy on symptoms of depressed mood. Arch Women Ment Health. 2002;5(2):39–47.

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 9.

    Brown S. Shock, terror and controversy: how the media reacted to the Women’s health initiative. Climacteric. 2012;15(3):275–80.

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 10.

    Lawton B, Rose S, McLeod D, Dowell A. Changes in use of hormone replacement therapy after the report from the Women’s Health Initiative: cross sectional survey of users. BMJ. 2003;327(7419):845.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 11.

    Rossouw JE, Prentice RL, Manson JE, Wu L, Barad D, Barnabei VM, Ko M, LaCroix AZ, Margolis KL, Stefanick ML. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause. JAMA. 2007;297(13):1465–77.

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 12.

    de Villiers TJ, Hall JE, Pinkerton JV, Cerdas Perez S, Rees M, Yang C, Pierroz DD. Revised global consensus statement on menopausal hormone therapy. Climacteric. 2016;19(4):313–5.

    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 13.

    Wysowski DK, Governale LA. Use of menopausal hormones in the United States, 1992 through June, 2003. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2005;14(3):171–6.

    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 14.

    Sarrel PM, Njike VY, Vinante V, Katz DL. The mortality toll of estrogen avoidance: an analysis of excess deaths among hysterectomized women aged 50 to 59 years. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(9):1583–8.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 15.

    LaCroix AZ, Chlebowski RT, Manson JE, Aragaki AK, Johnson KC, Martin L, Margolis KL, Stefanick ML, Brzyski R, Curb JD, et al. Health outcomes after stopping conjugated equine estrogens among postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2011;305(13):1305–14.

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 16.

    Bahri N, Pourali L, Esmaeeli H. Application of various menopausal symptoms treatment options and its related factors, Gonabad- 2016. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infert. 2016;19(26):1–8.


    Google Scholar
     

  • 17.

    Drewe J, Bucher KA, Zahner C. A systematic review of non-hormonal treatments of vasomotor symptoms in climacteric and cancer patients. Springerplus. 2015;4(1):65.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 18.

    Goldstein KM, Coeytaux RR, Williams JW Jr, Shepherd-Banigan M, Goode AP, McDuffie JR, Befus D, Adam S, Masilamani V, Van Noord MG. Non-pharmacologic treatments for menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms. Washington DC: DVA Health Services Research and Development Service; 2016.


    Google Scholar
     

  • 19.

    Carpenter JS, Byrne MM, Studts JL. Factors related to menopausal symptom management decisions. Maturitas. 2011;70(1):10–5.

    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 20.

    Siyam T, Carbon J, Ross S, Yuksel N. Determinants of hormone therapy uptake and decision-making after bilateral oophorectomy (BO): a narrative review. Maturitas. 2019;120:68–76.

    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 21.

    Hyde A, Nee J, Drennan J, Butler M, Howlett E. Hormone therapy and the medical encounter: a qualitative analysis of women’s experiences. Menopause. 2010;17(2):344–50.

    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 22.

    Manson JE, Aragaki AK, Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Chlebowski RT, Howard BV, Thomson CA, Margolis KL, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and long-term all-cause and cause-specific mortality: the women’s health initiative randomized trials. JAMA. 2017;318(10):927–38.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 23.

    Langer RD, Hodis HN, Lobo RA, Allison MA. Hormone replacement therapy—where are we now? Climacteric. 2021;24(1):3–10.

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 24.

    Thompson JJ, Ritenbaugh C, Nichter M. Why women choose compounded bioidentical hormone therapy: lessons from a qualitative study of menopausal decision-making. BMC Womens Health. 2017;17(1):97.

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 25.

    Velentzis LS, Banks E, Sitas F, Salagame U, Tan EH, Canfell K. Use of menopausal hormone therapy and bioidentical hormone therapy in Australian women 50 to 69 years of age: results from a national, cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(3):e0146494.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 26.

    Bahri N, Sajjadi M, Sadeghmoghadam L. The relationship between management strategies for menopausal symptoms and women’s decision making styles during menopausal transition. Prz Menopauzalny. 2019;18(3):174–9.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 27.

    Theroux R. Women’s decision making during the menopausal transition. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2010;22(11):612–21.

    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 28.

    Zapata AML, Beaudreau SA, O’Hara R, Bereknyei Merrell S, Bruce J, Garrison-Diehn C, Gould CE. Information-seeking about anxiety and perceptions about technology to teach coping skills in older veterans. Clin Gerontol. 2017;41(8):346–56.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 29.

    Kingsberg SA, Schaffir J, Faught BM, Pinkerton JV, Parish SJ, Iglesia CB, Gudeman J, Krop J, Simon JA. Female sexual health: barriers to optimal outcomes and a roadmap for improved patient-clinician communications. J Women’s Health (2002). 2019;28(4):432–43.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 30.

    Henwood F, Wyatt S, Hart A, Smith J. ‘Ignorance is bliss sometimes’: constraints on the emergence of the ‘informed patient’ in the changing landscapes of health information. Sociol Health Illn. 2003;25(6):589–607.

    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 31.

    Pache DM, Hollingworth SA, van Driel ML, McGuire TM. Does consumer medicines interest reflect medicines use? An Australian observational study comparing medicines call center queries with medicines use. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2019;15(4):440–7.

    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 32.

    Benchimol EI, Smeeth L, Guttmann A, Harron K, Moher D, Petersen I, Sørensen HT, von Elm E, Langan SM, Committee RW. The REporting of studies conducted using observational routinely-collected health data (RECORD) statement. PLoS Med. 2015;12(10):e1001885.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 33.

    ATC/DDD Index 2017 https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/

  • 34.

    Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, National Key Centre for Social Applications of Geographical Information Systems: Measuring remoteness: Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) revised edition: Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care; 2001.

  • 35.

    Australian Bureau of Statistics: Year book Australia 2012. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics; 2012.

  • 36.

    Beasley TM, Schumacker RE. Multiple regression approach to analyzing contingency tables: Post hoc and planned comparison procedures. J Exp Educ. 1995;64(1):79–93.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 37.

    Bazeley P. Analysing qualitative data: More than ‘identifying themes.’ Malays J Qual Res. 2009;2(2):6–22.


    Google Scholar
     

  • 38.

    Pines A, Sturdee DW, Birkhäuser MH, Schneider HPG, Gambacciani M, Panay N. IMS updated recommendations on postmenopausal hormone therapy. Climacteric. 2007;10(3):181–94.

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 39.

    Hengen KM, Alpers GW. What’s the risk? Fearful Individuals generally overestimate negative outcomes and they dread outcomes of specific events. Front Psychol. 2019;10:1676.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 40.

    Loewenstein GF, Weber EU, Hsee CK, Welch N. Risk as feelings. Psychol Bull. 2001;127(2):267–86.

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 41.

    Shapiro M. Media and education of the consumer. Menopause. 2016;23(8):924–7.

    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 42.

    Natari RB, McGuire TM, Baker PJ, Clavarino AM, Dingle KD, Hollingworth SA. Longitudinal impact of the Women’s health initiative study on hormone therapy use in Australia. Climacteric. 2019;22(5):489–97.

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 43.

    Crawford SL, Crandall CJ, Derby CA, El Khoudary SR, Waetjen LE, Fischer M, Joffe H. Menopausal hormone therapy trends before versus after 2002: impact of the Women’s health initiative study results. Menopause. 2018;26(6):588–97.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 44.

    Ettinger B, Wang SM, Leslie RS, Patel BV, Boulware MJ, Mann ME, McBride M. Evolution of postmenopausal hormone therapy between 2002 and 2009. Menopause. 2018;25(11):1306–12.

    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 45.

    Kloosterboer SM, McGuire T, Deckx L, Moses G, Verheij T, van Driel ML. Self-medication for cough and the common cold: Information needs of consumers. Aust Fam Physician. 2015;44(7):497–501.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 46.

    Gartoulla P, Davis S, Worsley R, Bell R. Use of complementary and alternative medicines for menopausal symptoms in Australian women aged 40–65 years. Med J Aust. 2015;203(3):146–146.

    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 47.

    de Villiers TJ, Gass MLS, Haines CJ, Hall JE, Lobo RA, Pierroz DD, Rees M. Global Consensus Statement on menopausal hormone therapy. Maturitas. 2013;74(4):391–2.

    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • 48.

    Huston SA, Jackowski RM, Kirking DM. Women’s trust in and use of information sources in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Womens Health Issues. 2009;19(2):144–53.

    PubMed 
    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar